Pharmaceutics

Cautionary and advisory labels for dispensed medicines       Numbers following the preparation entries in the BNF correspond to the code numbers of the cautionary labels that pharmacist are recommended to add when dispensing. It is also expected that pharmacists will counsel patients when necessary.     Counselling needs to be related to the age, experience, background, and understanding of the individual patient. The pharmacist should ensure that the patient understands how to take or use the medicine and how to follow the correct dosage schedule. Any effects of the medicine on driving or work, any foods or medicines to be avoided, and what to do if a dose is missed should be explained. Other matters, such as the possibility of staining of the clothes or skin by a medicine should also be mentioned.       For some preparations there is a special need for counselling, such as an unusual method or time of administrati...

Containers Used In Dispensing     The containers used in dispensing should suit the particular preparation for which it is used, and should give adequate protection. They also  should be of the correct type and of the correct size.  01.Oral liquid preparations such as the Mixtures , Draughts and emulsion  should        be dispensed in Medicinal Flats :       They are plain white bottles made of glass, with screw caps of plastic with              impervious liners.             02. External Liquid preparations such as lotions, paints, liniments, applications should be                          dispensed in coloured fluted bottles. Gargles, Mouth washes and inhalations should be                          dispensed ...

Guidelines In Dispensing of medicines  (Pharmaceutical Preparations)           As it is everything else, it is important to plan your work in dispensing of pharmaceuticals. In dispensing prescriptions, the following steps could be used with benefit to make accurate and correct preparations.           First and foremost, you have to check whether the four parts of the prescription, namely :- Superscription Inscription Subscription and The Signature or the label are there on the prescription,  ad then only a prescription is complete for the preparation.          Secondly you must go through the ingredients to find out their nature. Depending on the nature of the ingredients only the method of prescription depends. for example, when the ingredients are soluble, a simple solution will have to be made.          Thirdly the quantity of the preparation r...

Utensils Used in Pharmacy Practicals Dispensing Scale (Balance)                      is used to weigh the ingredients used in dispensing of pharmaceutical preparations. Minimum weighble quantity is taken as 100mg (60mg or one Grain Erlier). Weighings are done to the nerest 3rd decima pace.           e.g.    1.335g        =   1g + 355 mg                     1.3555g      =   1g + 356 mg                     1.3554g      =   1g + 355 mg   When the 4th decimal place is 5 or more,one is added to the front number. If it is less than 5, the 4th number is ignored. In weighing, do not directly weigh on the pan, but on a piece of paper. For this fist put two equal pieces ...

Metric Systems Of Weights And Measures Metric System of weight : 1000 mcg( Micro grams) =  1 miligram (mg) 1000 miligrams (mg)        =  1 gram (g) 1000 grams (g)                  =  1 kiogram (kg) Metric system of measures : 1000 mililiters (mL)         =  1 Liter (L) Metric Box of Weights :    gram Weights: 100g, 50g, 20g, 20g, 10g, 5g, 2g, 2g, 1g.              Miligram weights : 50mg, 20mg ,20mg, 10mg, 5mg, 2mg, 2mg,1mg 

Prescription  Abbreviations Abbriviation              From the Latin                            Meaning         aa                         ana                                            of each as                         ad                                               up to a.c.                       ante cibum                             before mea...