Pharmaceutics

Before you use  eye  drops,  wash your hands  with soap and warm water. Dry them with a clean towel. To put them in your own eyes, lie down or use a mirror. It may help to ask someone to check that the drops get in your eye. Look up to the ceiling with both eyes. Tilt your head back and pull your lower lid down with one hand. Hold the bottle or tube in your other hand. If you need to, rest part of your hand on your forehead to keep it steady. Place one drop or a little ointment inside your lower lid. Don’t let the tip of the bottle or tube touch your eye. Blink and dab away any extra fluid with a tissue. If you have both drops and ointment, use the drops first. If you don't, the ointment may keep the eye drops from being absorbed. If you have more than one type of drop, wait about 5 minutes after the first medicine before you use the second. Keep your eyes closed for a few minutes. That lets the medicine get inside your eye. Wash your h...

How do you give a suppository? Lie your  child  on his or her side with the lower leg straightened out and the upper leg bent forward toward the stomach.  Insert  the  suppository  into the rectum (bum) with your finger, aiming it toward your  child's  belly button. The  suppository  should be placed 1/2 to 1 inch inside the opening of the rectum. How do you use hemorrhoid suppositories? Do not push more than an inch or two inside the anus.If the  suppository  is too soft to insert, place it in cold water or refrigerate it for 30 minutes before removing the wrapper.Do not  use  this medication if  hemorrhoids  are bleeding or the rectal area is raw and irritated. the directions below to use Dulcolax suppositories: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Remove all of the foil wrapper from the suppository. Lie on your side and raise your knee to your chest. Push the...

You can put a few drops of water-based or silicone lubricant inside the tip of the condom and/or on the outside of the condom once it's on. 6. After you ejaculate  (cum), hold onto the rim of the condom and pull your penis out of your partner's body. How to put in a female condom: Check the expiration date on the package, and then open it carefully. 2. The female condom comes already lubricated, but you can add more  lube  if you want. You can also add  spermicide . 3. Relax and get into a comfortable position. Standing with one foot on a chair, lying down, or squatting are common faves — kind of like how you’d put in a tampon. 4. Squeeze together the sides of the inner ring at the closed end of the condom and slide it into your vagina like a tampon. 5. Push the inner ring into your vagina as far as it can go, up to your cervix. Make sure it’s not twisted. 6. Pull out your finger and let the outer ring hang about an inch o...

How to use a dry powder inhaler Talk with your doctor, respiratory therapist, or pharmacist to make sure that you are using your inhaler the right way. It may help to practice in front of a mirror. Use the inhaler exactly as prescribed. Keep your inhaler in a cool, dry place. Do not store your inhaler in the bathroom. Moisture in the air can cause the dry powder to clump together and clog the inhaler. Keep track of how much medicine is in the inhaler. Some dry powder inhalers have dose counters that show how many doses are left in the inhaler. If your inhaler does not have a dose counter, your doctor or pharmacist can teach you how to keep track of how much medicine is left. Follow your doctor's or pharmacist's instructions for cleaning your inhaler. Some powder may build up on the inhaler, but you don't need to clean it every day. You may have other inhalers that you use for different medicines. If one of them is a metered-dose inhaler (which sprays out ...

Using an MDI with a valved holding chamber  Remove the cap from the MDI and chamber. Shake well. Insert the MDI into the open end of the chamber (opposite the mouthpiece). Place the mouthpiece of the chamber between your teeth and seal your lips tightly around it. Breathe out completely. Press the canister once. Breathe in slowly and completely through your mouth. If you hear a "horn-like" sound, you are breathing too quickly and need to slow down. Hold your breath for 10 seconds (count to 10 slowly) to allow the medication to reach the airways of the lung. Repeat the above steps for each puff ordered by your doctor. Wait about 1 minute in between puffs. Replace the cap on your MDI when finished. If you are using a corticosteroid MDI, rinse your mouth and gargle using water or mouthwash after each use. You should always use a chamber with a steroid MDI.

Using an MDI (Metered Dose Inhalator)  Remove the cap from the MDI and shake well. Breathe out all the way. Place the mouthpiece of the inhaler between your teeth and seal your lips tightly around it. As you start to breathe in slowly, press down on the canister one time. Keep breathing in as slowly and deeply as you can. (It should take about 5 seconds for you to completely breathe in.) Hold your breath for 10 seconds (count to 10 slowly) to allow the medication to reach the airways of the lung. Repeat the above steps for each puff ordered by your doctor. Wait about 1 minute between puffs. Replace the cap on the MDI when finished. If you are using a corticosteroid MDI, you should use a valved holding chamber as described above.

HOW DO NASAL STRIPS WORK? They seem simple, but Breathe Right Nasal Strips have unique engineering that make them an effective tool for managing nighttime congestion and improving sleep. Nasal strips are made of flexible, spring-like bands that fit right above the flare of the nostrils.  The underside is adhesive so that once positioned on the nose, they stay there. As the bands attempt to straighten back to their original shape, they lift the sides of the nose and open the nasal passages. This lifting action helps open inflamed sinus passages and makes it easier to breath. Nose strips provide relief for congestion due to colds, allergies, or a deviated septum and reduce snoring caused by nighttime nasal congestion.

Administering Oxygen via a Nasal Cannula Review chart for physician's order for oxygen to ensure that it includes method of delivery, flow rate, titration orders; identify client. Rationale:  Prevents potential errors. Wash your hands. Rationale:  Handwashing reduces transmission of microorganisms. Identify client and proceed with 5 rights of medication administration . Explain procedure to client. Explain that oxygen will ease dyspnea or discomfort, and inform client concerning safety precautions associated with oxygen use. Encourage him or her to breathe through the nose. Rationale: Oxygen is a drug and administering using the 5 rights avoids potential errors. Teaching helps ensure compliance with therapy. Assist client to semi- or high Fowler's position, if tolerated. Rationale:  These positions facilitate optimal lung expansion. Insert flowmeter into wall outlet. Attach oxygen tubing to nozzle on flowmeter. If using a high O 2  flow, ...

Types of nasal sprays Nasal sprays come in two different kinds of containers:  pressurized canisters   pump bottles. Steps for using a pressurized canister Gently blow your nose to clear it of mucus before using the medicine. Make sure the canister fits snugly in its holder. Shake the canister several times just before using it. Keep your head upright. Breathe out slowly. Hold your nasal spray canister as shown in the drawing to the right. Use your finger to close the nostril on the side not receiving the medicine. Press down on the canister as you begin to breathe in slowly through your nose. Repeat these steps for the other nostril. If you are using more than one spray in each nostril, follow steps 2 through 5 again. Try not to sneeze or blow your nose just after using the spray. Steps for using a pump bottle Gently blow your nose to clear it of mucus before using the medicine. Remove the cap. Shake the bottle. The firs...

How to use nose drops? Blow your nose gently. Drop the required number of drops into each nostril. The aim is to get the liquid to spread over all the inside surface of the nose - including the upper surface. A good position is to lie on a bed with your head hanging back over the edge. Stay like this for two minutes after putting in the drops before getting up. This is so that the liquid does not immediately run out of your nose or down the back of your throat but stays for a while in the nasal cavity. Kneeling or bending forwards is an alternative, but it is harder to stay like this for two minutes after putting in the drops. Replace the top on the bottle after using. Wash your hands after using the drops . How do you put saline drops in baby nose? Lie baby flat on his/her back and carefully tilt their head back. Hold the bottle upside down and gently squeeze 1 to 3  drops  into each nostril. Hold your baby in this position for 1 to 2 minut...

Oral Liquids Oral Liquids are Homogeneous liquid Preparations. They may take the form of either a solution,  a suspension or an emulsion of one or more active ingredients in a suitable vehicle. Oral liquids may contain additional agents such as suitable anti-microbial preservatives, dispersing, suspending, emulsifying, stabilising, flavouring, colouring and sweetening agents. The following names are used to describe dosage forms of oral liquids ( British pharmacopoeia) Mixture Oral Emulsion Oral Suspension Oral Solutions Elixir Linctus Preparations of oral liquids  Oral Liquids are usually formulated in a convenint administered volume, usually multiples of 5 ml or 15 ml.